جستاری توصیفی از نقش رسانه های ارتباط جمعی به عنوان خطوط دوم آفندی و پدافندی براساس مطالعات حوزه امنیت و جنگ ترکیبی در نظام بین الملل

in response to emerging security threats primarily manifested through hybrid and cognitive warfare this study investigates the role of media as the second line of offense and defense within the national defense architecture. The research is situated within the broader transformation of the concept of national security and the growing importance of narrative construction and psychological operations in international confrontations. Employing a descriptive-analytical method, the study draws upon library resources and comparative analyses to explore its central question: how can media, as a secondary offensive and defensive force, contribute to countering hybrid threats and reinforcing national cohesion?The research is founded on the hypothesis that media, when equipped with well-defined strategies, robust infrastructure, and effective collaboration with relevant institutions, can play a decisive role in managing cognitive warfare. The findings indicate that, in its offensive capacity, media contributes to strengthening political legitimacy and social cohesion through the production of targeted content and the weakening of adversarial narratives. In its defensive role, media plays a critical part in safeguarding the psychological security of society by countering rumors, disinformation, and enemy psychological operations. Moreover, media is instrumental in rebuilding public trust and reinforcing collective memory.The study concludes with two strategic recommendations: first, the establishment of a specialized center for media and cognitive security to formulate coordinated policies and monitor soft threats; second, the development of a national media literacy program aimed at enhancing the cognitive resilience of society. Through a strategic lens, this research seeks to redefine the role of media in preserving national stability.